Transdermal Drug Delivery - Technologies, Markets, and Companies

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NEW YORK, Feb. 1, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Transdermal Drug Delivery - Technologies, Markets, and Companies

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This report deals with transdermal drug delivery - an approach used to deliver drugs through the skin for therapeutic use as an alternative to oral,intravascular, subcutaneous and transmucosal routes. Various transdermal drug delivery technologies are described including the use of suitable formulations, carriers and penetration enhancers. The most commonly used transdermal system is the skin patch using various types of technologies. Nanoparticles as well as the use of physical agents to facilitate transcutaneous drug delivery is described. Microneedle and needleless technologies are also described. Transdermal technologies may be applied for several categories of pharmaceuticals used for the treatment of disorders of the skin or for systemic effect to treat diseases of other organs. Several transdermal products and applications include hormone replacement therapy, contraception, management of pain, angina pectoris, smoking cessation and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. The market for transdermal drug delivery is analyzed according to technologies and therapeutic areas from 2011 to 2021. This market is analyzed according to geographical regions as well.

TABLE OF CONTENTS0. Executive Summary 11

1. Basics of Transdermal Drug Delivery 13

Introduction 13

Historical landmarks in transdermal drug delivery 13

Anatomy and physiology of skin 14

Transcutaneous absorption 14

Transdermal versus other methods of drug delivery 14

Advantages of transdermal drug delivery 15

First-Pass Effect 15

Drawbacks of transdermal delivery 15

Factors that influence transdermal drug delivery 15

Events governing transcutaneous absorption 16

Properties of the skin 16

Properties of drugs 17

The role of pH and pharmacokinetics 17

Intradermal disposition of drugs after topical application 18

2. Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies 19

Introduction 19

Local application formulations 20

Crystalline topical formulations 20

Microemulsions for transdermal drug delivery 20

Nanoemulsions for transdermal drug delivery 21

Transdermal gel technology 21

Film forming polymeric solutions 22

Biphasix system 23

Penetration enhancers 23

Chemical enhancers 23

Nitric oxide-based transdermal drug delivery 25

Vesicular transdermal carriers 25

Liposomes 26

Transfersomes 26

Ethosomes 27

Elastic vesicles for transdermal drug delivery 27

Nanovesicles for transdermal drug delivery 28

Transdermal patches 28

Adhesives for transdermal patches 29

Commercial development of transdermal patches 30

Innovations in transdermal patches 31

e-Patch™ controlled release micropump system 31

Patchless Transdermal Delivery System 32

Metered-dose transdermal system 32

Use of physical modalities to facilitate transdermal transport 33

Transdermal electrotransport 33

Electroporation 33

Drug delivery by electroporation 34

Cryoelectrophoresis 35

Iontophoresis 36

Iontophoresis compared with electrophoresis 37

Application of iontophoresis for drug delivery 37

Companies with technologies for drug delivery by iontophoresis 38

Combination of electrophoresis and iontophoresis 39

Dermaportation 39

Radiofrequency-driven transdermal delivery 39

Microporation 40

Transcutaneous drug delivery by electropulsation 40

Companies involved in electroporation-based drug delivery 41

Electrode Scanning System 41

Use of electrostatic force in skin patch technology 41

Multiple Absorption Kinetic System 42

Transdermal drug delivery facilitated by heat 42

Controlled, heat-aided drug delivery 42

Ultrasound 43

Magnetophoresis 45

Use of lasers for transdermal drug delivery 45

Transdermal drug delivery by laser-induced pressure waves 45

Transdermal drug delivery by laser-assisted changes in skin 45

Transdermal delivery by gas under pressure 46

Transdermal delivery with PowderJect gas gun 46

Microscission induced by gas 46

Role of microelectronics in transdermal drug delivery 47

Microneedles and dermal microinjection technologies 47

Microneedle patch 47

AdminPatch® microneedle array 48

Biodegradable microneedles 49

Ceramic microneedle arrays 49

Dissolvable microneedle patches 50

Microneedle arrays for drug delivery 50

MicroPyramid™ microneedles 51

Microstructured Transdermal Systems 51

Microneedle Array Patch technology 51

Microneedle transdermal chip 52

Microneedle applicator device 52

Nanoject™ microneedle technology 53

Silk microneedles 53

ZP Patch microprojections technology 53

Companies developing microneedles for transdermal drug delivery 54

Needlefree injections 54

Glide SDI® solid dose injector 55

Jet injection 55

Mini-Ject needlefree delivery system 55

MicroJet for painless injections 55

Nanoliter-volume pulsed microjets 56

SUMAVEL™ DosePro™ needle-less injection 56

Skin ablation or abrasion for drug delivery 56

Nanotechnology-based transdermal drug delivery 57

Nanoparticles and nanoemulsions for skin disorders 57

Transdermal nanoparticle preparations for systemic effect 58

Nanotechnology-based transdermal vaccination and immunotherapy 58

Delivery of nanostructured drugs from transdermal patches 59

NanoCyte transdermal drug delivery system 59

Effect of mechanical flexion on penetration of bucky balls through the skin 60

Safety issues of applications of nanomaterial carriers on the skin 60

Comparison of transdermal drug delivery systems 60

Transdermal drug design 60

In vitro testing of transdermal drug delivery systems 61

In vivo testing of drug delivery systems 62

Infrared spectroscopy for evaluation of transdermal drug delivery 62

Modeling of transport through the skin 62

Concluding remarks on transdermal drug delivery technologies 63

Future developments in transdermal drug delivery 64

3. Transdermal Therapeutics 65

Introduction 65

Drugs that can be administered transdermally 65

Skin disorders 68

Psoriasis 68

Nanoemulsions for paclitaxel delivery in psoriasis 68

Iontophoresis for treatment of psoriasis 68

Hair loss 68

Cardiovascular disorders 69

Angina pectoris 69

Transdermal drug delivery for hypertension 70

Transdermal beta blockers 70

Transdermal anticoagulants 71

Congestive heart failure 71

Respiratory diseases 71

Asthma 71

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 72

Neurological and psychiatric disorders 72

Parkinson's disease 72

Transdermal drug delivery for Parkinson's disease 73

Transdermal dopamine agonists for Parkinson's disease 73

Rotigotine 74

Transdermal administration of other drugs for Parkinson disease 76

Depression 76

Transdermal selegiline 76

Bipolar disorder 77

Transdermal lithium 77

Restless legs syndrome 77

Alzheimer's disease 77

Transdermal nicotine for Tourette syndrome 78

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 78

Transdermal methylphenidate 78

Migraine 79

Transdermal lidocaine 79

Transdermal sumatriptan 79

Epilepsy 80

Tinnitus/Vertigo 80

Transdermal nitroglycerin for vasospasm due to subarachnoid hemorrhage 80

Musculoskeletal disorders 81

Osteoporosis 81

Transdermal alendronate 81

Transdermal estrogen 81

Transdermal human parathyroid hormone 82

Osteoarthritis 82

Transdermal therapy of diabetes 82

Transdermal insulin delivery in diabetes 82

Transdermal GLP1 agonist 83

Male sexual disorders 84

Erectile dysfunction 84

Topical and transdermal preparation for erectile dysfunction 84

Hypogonadism in the male 84

Topical testosterone 84

Women's health 86

Female sexual arousal disorder 86

Menopause 87

Hormone replacement therapy for menopause 87

Effect of transdermal estradiol on bone density 89

Transdermal PTH for postmenopausal osteoporosis 89

Transdermal testosterone for low libido in postmenopausal women 89

Breast disorders 90

Dysmenorrhea 90

Female infertility 90

Contraception 91

Female contraception 91

Ortho Evra™ 91

BAY86-5016 92

Male contraception 92

Transdermal progestin plus testosterone 92

Cancer 92

Nanoemulsion-based delivery of caffeine for skin cancer 93

Transcutaneous electroporation for anticancer drugs 93

Transdermal drug delivery for prostate cancer 93

Transdermal nitroglycerine for prostate cancer 93

Transdermal estradiol gel for prostate cancer 94

Transdermal drug delivery for breast cancer 94

Afimoxifene topical gel for breast cancer 94

Pain 94

Relief of pain associated with minor medical procedures 94

Transdermal Lidoderm? for postherpectic neuralgia 95

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 95

Topical NSAIDs 95

Transdermal ketoprofen 96

Topical opioids 97

Cancer pain 98

Transdermal fentanyl 98

Transdermal nitroglycerine as an adjuvant to opioids 99

Transdermal buprenorphine 99

Chronic pain of non-malignant origin 99

Transdermal local anesthetics 100

Postoperative pain 100

Transdermal fentanyl for the management of postoperative pain 100

Fibromyalgia 100

Nausea and vomiting 101

Motion sickness 101

Postoperative vomiting 101

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting 101

Antiaging strategies 101

Smoking cessation 102

Transdermal nicotine replacement 102

Other methods of nicotine replacement 103

Other treatments for smoking cessation 103

Miscellaneous uses of transdermal drug delivery 104

Chronic fatigue syndrome 104

Topical androgenic steroid therapy 104

Overactive bladder and urinary incontinence 104

Transdermal oxybutynin 104

Viral infections 105

Transdermal nanoparticles for immune enhancement in HIV 105

Transdermal gene therapy 105

Transdermal delivery of plasmid DNA by electroporation 106

Transdermal antisense therapy 106

Transdermal vaccination 107

The skin as an immune organ 107

Technologies for transdermal vaccination 107

Electroporation for administering DNA vaccines 107

Intradermal delivery of cancer vaccines by adenoviral vectors 108

Microneedles for dermal delivery of vaccines 108

Needle-free delivery of vaccines 109

Transcutaneous immunization 109

Applications of transdermal vaccination 109

HIV/AIDS vaccination by topical application 109

Transdermal DNA influenza vaccine 110

Transdermal A? vaccination for Alzheimer's disease 110

Transdermal vaccination for traveller's diarrhoea 111

Transdermal neutraceuticals 111

Complications of transdermal therapy 112

Adverse effects of drugs 112

Overdose effect 112

Skin complications 112

4. Markets for Transdermal Drug Delivery 115

Introduction 115

Global markets for drug delivery 115

Geographical distribution of transdermal drug delivery markets 116

Emerging transdermal drug delivery markets in Asia 116

Transdermal technology markets in therapeutic areas 116

Angina pectoris 117

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 117

Erectile dysfunction 117

Hypertension 118

Pain therapeutics 118

Parkinson's disease 118

Smoking cessation 118

Transdermal hormone replacement therapy for menopause 118

Transdermal testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism in the male 119

Transdermal contraceptive market 119

Markets according to transdermal technologies 119

Markets for microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery 120

Marketing strategies for transdermal drug delivery 120

Marketing advantages of transdermal drug delivery 120

Unmet needs in transdermal drug delivery 121

Future prospects of transdermal drug delivery 122

Prospects of transdermal delivery for drugs coming off patents 122

Transdermal delivery of cosmetics 123

5. Companies involved in transdermal drug delivery 125

Profiles of companies 125

Collaborations 264

6. References 269

List of Tables

Table 1 1: Historical landmarks in the development of transdermal drug delivery 13Table 1 2: Transdermal vs oral and intravenous drug delivery 15Table 2 1: Technologies for transdermal drug delivery 19Table 2 2: Chemical enhancers of skin penetration 24Table 2 3: Drug-in-adhesive versus reservoir type of transdermal patch 29Table 2 4: Companies developing transdermal patches for drug delivery 30Table 2 5: Companies with technologies for drug delivery by iontophoresis 38Table 2 6: Companies involved in electroporation-based drug delivery 41Table 2 7: Companies developing microneedles for transdermal drug delivery 54Table 2 8: Comparison of transdermal drug delivery systems 60Table 3 1: Approved transdermal products 65Table 3 2: Transdermal drugs in clinical trials or approval process 67Table 4 1: Worldwide drug delivery market growth 2011 to 2021 115Table 4 2: Transdermal drug delivery markets for geographical regions 2011 to 2021 116Table 4 3: Potential therapeutic markets for transdermal products 2011-2021 117Table 4 4: Markets according to transdermal technologies 119Table 4 5: Marketing strategies based on transdermal drug delivery technologies 120Table 5 1: Collaborations in transdermal drug delivery 264

List of Figures

Figure 1 1: Basic structure of the skin 14

Figure 1 2: Events governing transcutaneous drug absorption 17

Figure 2 1: Basic structure and function of transdermal drug delivery systems 29

Figure 2 2: A schematic view of electroporation 34

Figure 2 3: Depiction of breakdown of the stratum corneum during electroporation 35

Figure 2 4: A schematic drawing of Iontophoresis 36

Figure 2 5: SonoPrep ultrasonic skin permeation 44

Figure 2 6: A schematic drawing of the microneedle patch 48

Figure 3 1: Oral versus transdermal administration of a drug in Parkinson's disease 75

Figure 4 1: Unmet needs in transdermal drug delivery 122

To order this report:Drug Delivery Technology Industry: Transdermal Drug Delivery - Technologies, Markets, and Companies